Sunday, March 18, 2018

[Display Advertising] 02. Display Ads and Targeting

Evolution of display advertising
  • After the first display banner ad was launched by Wired, display advertising quickly grew to a multi-million dollar business
  • The fast growth gave rise to a large no. of different ads of all shapes and sizes
  • The IAB(Interactive Advertising Bureau) stepped in to help standardize
  • IAB still publishes Ad Standards and Guidelines for different types of digital advertising(www.iab.com)
Display Ads and the Customer Journey

  • Display Ads work for different stages in the customer journey
  • They are most often used in 'Awareness' stage. Interest and Desire stage
Different Ad Formats

  • VPAID (Video Player-Ad Serving Interface Definition)
    • Linear Video Ads: More commonly known as pre, mid and post-roll ads, linear ads take over the full video player space. They're linear because they run in line sequentially with the content, for example, a pre-roll will appear as (ad-video); a mid-roll will be (video-ad-video) and a post-roll will appear as (video-ad). Linear ads can be 15 or 30-seconds long and do not allow for fast forwarding through the ad.

    • Non-linear Video Ads: These ads run simultaneously with the video content, usually in the form of an interactive banner ad in an overlay. Clicking on these ads pauses the content and the ad opens in a full screen player. Generally, a non-linear video ad will run for 5-15 seconds before rotating to another ad or reducing in size.
    • Native Ads: ads that look like the native content from the webpage. They are unlikely to be blocked by AdBlock software and thus is preferred nowadays. 

Different Ad Types
- Direct Response Ads
  • Typical for the action stage
  • Clicks are important
  • Advertise specific action such as 'register now for the program' (Click To Action buttons)
- Brand Ads
  • Typical for the awareness & interest stage
  • Clicks are less important
  • Advertise the general brand to raise awareness or shape brand image
Metrics
  • # of impressions
  • # of unique impressions
  • Click Through Rate (CTR)
    • no. of clicks/total no. of imp * 100
  • Click to Conversion Rate(CTC)
    • no. of conversion/ total no. of clicks *100
    • Example of conversion could be a purchase
  • Engagement/ Interaction Rate: no. of actions taken such as clicks 
  • View Through Rate (VTR): when a user has finished watching the entire video ad
  • View Through Conversion(VTC): Conversion after 30 days after the first impression of the ad
  • ROI: Return On Investment
    • ROI: profit - total cost
    • ROI percentage: (ROI/ total cost) * 100
Pricing Models

Performance-Based Pricing:
Advertiser pays for conversions
- Priced at cost per click(CPC)
- Priced at cost per action(CPA): good for advertisers, bad for publishers

Impression Based Pricing:
Advertiser pays for impressions
- Priced at cost per thousand impressions(CPM)

Reach and frequency concepts
- Reach: the no. of unique people that see your ad
- Frequency: the average no. of times your ad is shown to the same user

Targeting
- Demographic targeting: gender, age, education, income...etc.
- Geographical targeting: location
- Contextual targeting: interest
- Behavioral targeting: users who viewed certain items, stopped at the purchase (Giving nudge -> retargeting ad)

Display Ads in Mobile
- Responsive ad formats for ads in a browser
- In-app advertising: banners and native ads

Display Advertising Concerns
- Ad blocking: Many users using 'AdBlock' software to block ads -> native ads are becoming more popular
- Viewability: ads that are not viewed are checked as 'viewed'. This is problematic as advertisers pay for CPM. Policies to prevent 'ad fraud' is becoming popular. 


[Display Advertising] 01. How Display Ads Work

Content and Ad Servers

  • Publishers use content servers and Content Management System (CMS) to bring content online. Ad servers fill in the advertising space. The publisher's ad server communicates with the advertiser's ad server to make that happen.

CMS: Content Management System
ex) word press, blogger ...etc.

Ad Server 
1) Publisher Ad Server
2) Advertiser Ad Server


Data and Display Advertising
1. Data in the form of log files
- log files are a record kept in the publisher's server that detail the interactions between the user and a website

2. Data in the form of cookies
- Cookies are stored in the user's browser, they are small text files that are used to connect user behavior within and across sessions, usually by assigning a user ID
- First party cookies are set by the website(first party) a user is visiting
- Third party cookies are set by another party the website(first party) has an agreement with

3. Data in mobile
Data outside the browser environment in mobile captured in Advertiser IDs
- For Android: Android Advertiser ID
- For iOS: IDFA(ID for Advertisers)

Data as the basis for targeting display advertising
- Every online user has a user data profile based on their usage over time. That profile forms the basis for digital advertising targeting
- Digital Data Profile contains cookies, Facebook ID, Google ID, device ID, location

Friday, March 9, 2018

[Search Engine Marketing] 04. Metrics

1. METRICS AND CAMPAIGN EVALUATION
  • Translate your Marketing Objective into your top KPI. Depending on what action (conversion) you want your potential customers to perform, this is the Cost per Acquisition (CPA), Cost per Subscriber or Lead (CPL) or if you ‘just’ want traffic, you could go for Cost per Click (CPC) 
  • Your campaign ultimately is successful if you achieve your Marketing Objective at a cost below what you can afford to pay while keeping your desired level of profitability (ROI) 
  • The price per conversion (CPA/CPL) is driven by the conversion rate and the CPC 
  • The conversion rate can be optimized by improving and testing the quality of your landing page and aligning it with your ads 
  • The CPC can be optimized by improving the quality and relevance of your ads and landing page (Quality Score), which should, in turn, improve the CTR 
  • You can also lower the CPC by bidding for relevant keywords with less competition 
  • The number of impressions and the average position your ads receive are indicators of your Ad Rank relative to the competition
2. KEYWORD OPTIMIZATION STRATEGY
  • Be specific and go long-tail (i.e. more specific and detailed keywords)
  • Pause keywords with low CTR 
  • Use Match Types 
  • Add Negative Keywords 
  • Bundle closely related keywords in one Ad Group 
3. STEPS TO CREATE AN A/B TEST
  • Define one goal metric 
  • Identify one element of the ad that you want to test [Headline, Description, Call to Action, the promoted offer, Landing Page, URL Path, Ad Extensions, Ad Group Keywords, Location targeting, Time of the week/day (Advanced settings)] 
  • Create the different versions of your ads/ad groups (Run A/B test)
  • Analyze your results 
  • Pause the lower performing version or continue testing by changing the next element 

[Search Engine Marketing] 03. Ad Rank and Maximum CPC Bid

Let's learn about ad rank and quality score in Google Adwords.

1. AD Rank
  • Ad Placement = CPC BID x Quality Score
  • Ad quality and relevance matters
  • Quality Score and Ad Rank
2. Quality Score
- QS determined by
  1. Expected click-through rate(CTR)
  2. Landing page experience
  3. Ad Relevance
  4. Ad Formats
Max CPC
  • Your conversion rate
  • The unique value of one visit to your site: how much each new conversion is worth on average
  • Customer Lifetime Value(CLV) / Average Order Value(AOV)
3. Your profit margin
  • ROAS(Return on Advertising Spend) = Total Conversion Value / Total Cost of Advertising
  • Value of one visit = Conversion Rate * Average Money Spend by a Customer (conversion value/ AOL)
  • Profit Margin = (Revenue - Cost of Goods Sold) / Revenue
  • Calculate Max CPC Bid = Profit Margin * Unique Value of One Visit to Your Website


Tuesday, March 6, 2018

[Search Engine Marketing] 02. Text Ads @ Google

Ad extensions: 
Enhance your Google Search Ads with additional, relevant information and give people reasons to check out your business.

  • Manual: the extensions that you can manually set up on the account, campaign or ad level. 
  • Automatic: the extensions that Google will automatically generate. 

No control which and when Google will show one or multiple extensions with your ad.
AdWords will select which extensions and how many appear in response to each individual search query on Google. Sometimes your ad will be shown with multiple extensions, sometimes without any.

There are four main components of a Text Ad:

- Two Headline Fields (Headline 1, Headline 2)
- Description Field
- Two Path Fields
- Final URL field

PC
- site links (up to 10)
- callouts (up to 4)
- structured snippets: highlight aspects of your business that fit into categories predefined by Google such as brands, destinations, styles or types.
- ratings



















Mobile
- location
- call/ message
- price (carousel up to 8)
- app extensions (install button to app installation)

[Text Ad Best Practices (from Udacity)]
Highlight what makes you unique
When coming up with your headline, think of what makes you stand out from the competition. Your ad will likely be displayed among a few other ads that advertise products similar to yours. Go back to your Value Proposition you created earlier and make sure your potential customers know about what makes your product or service unique.

Include special offers or terms
If you offer free shipping, a money-guarantee, a sale or special offers (e.g. Buy one, get one free or 25% off everything), make sure to include that in your ad description. Calling attention to specific prices or promotions can help influence someone's decision to click on your ad.

Include numbers
Space is limited and numbers catch people’s attention very easily. Do you offer a fixed or low starting price or hourly rate that stands out? Or is your service available 24/7 or within 1 hour? Do you have 1,000 happy customers? Whatever number you can highlight to make your offering more attractive, consider to include it.

Use a call-to-action
Use your ad’s description lines to tell your customers what they can do on your site once they click your ad. Calls to action like a purchase, call today, order, browse, sign up, or get a quote make clear what the next steps are. Your call to action has to be specific to your offer and can’t include the word “click” (such as “click here” or “click now”).

Include testimonials
Did your product or service get a raving review by a trusted source? As we have seen earlier, you can include that review using the review extension, provided you can link to a source that is available online. If not, or if you want to guarantee that the endorsement shows up in your ad, you can include it in your ad description, e.g. “Best Value Flowers” - CBS News.

Create a mobile optimized experience
Especially if you are business with local stores or offices, people seeing your ads on mobile are more likely to want to know where you are or to call you. It’s a good idea to use location extensions and call extensions to show your location and phone number. Also, consider creating ads focusing on people on mobile devices, that link to the mobile-optimized version of your landing page.

Match your ad to your keywords
Try thinking like your customers and imagine what they might search for when seeking your product or services. Include their search terms as keywords in your ad text so that they can easily recognize that you offer exactly what they are searching for. Google also offers a feature called “keyword insertion” that dynamically updates your ad text to include one of your keywords that matches a customer's search terms. This is an advanced feature that requires some careful setup.

Match your ad to your landing page
When someone clicks on the link in your ad they should be taken to a landing page where they can do exactly what your ad promises without. The easier you make it for customers to find what they're looking for, the more likely they are to make a purchase. It’s also a good idea to have the main keywords from your ad prominently appear on your landing page.

Create at least two text ads per Ad Group
You can have more, but two ads to start will help you figure out which messaging resonates with searchers. When you have multiple text ads in an Ad Group, Google rotates the delivery because no more than one ad from your account can show at any one time. But Google, by default, runs the best ad. Said another way, once Google has sufficient data, Google optimizes for clicks. That means that Google shows the best performing ad in your ad group more often.

Do competitive research
To make your ad and offering stand out, it’s helpful to know what other ads potential customers will see next to yours. So, before you write your own ads, search for your most important keywords and have a look at what advertisers and ads you see and think about how you can stand out to your target audience. There are also helpful tools available (e.g. semrush.com) that help you identify your competitor’s major keywords and the ads they are currently running. These tools usually charge you, but often have a free trial version, which can be a great place to start.

[Avoid the most common mistakes]
In order to make sure all AdWords ads are of high quality, every ad must meet certain standards. Learn what those standards are and how to avoid common mistakes next!

Text Ad Common Mistakes
Once you save an ad, Google will evaluate the ad for approval and you will be notified when the ad is approved and ready to go. If you’ve done something Google doesn’t like in your ad, it will disapprove your ad and you have to edit it.

We will help you get your text ads approved by going over the most common mistakes. The majority of mistakes fall into two categories: mistakes with your ad’s copy, and mistakes with your ad’s URL.

Let’s start with your ad’s copy:
Avoid excessive or unconventional capitalization
You are free to capitalize words but stay away from excessive capitalization. For example, Google doesn’t allow ALL CAPS or capitalization within a word (such as SpEcIaL OfFeR).

Only use appropriate punctuation and symbols
You’ll also want to look out for excessive punctuation (“Buy Now!!!!”) and symbols (“Save $$$” or “flowers”). AdWords can disapprove ads with: multiple exclamation points (your ad description can only contain one exclamation point), an exclamation point in your ad's headline, repeated punctuation or symbols (e.g., [][][]), non-standard symbols like bullet points and vertical lines, or symbols or characters that don't match their true meaning, such as using the @-symbol next to the word ‘home’" to mean "at home."

Check your spacing
Make sure that you don’t use any extra spaces between letters or words in your ad’s text, such as f l o w e r s.

Don’t include phone numbers in your ad
Next, make sure you don’t include any phone numbers in your ad headline or description. Instead, use call extensions to include a prominent phone number in your ad. Google doesn’t allow phone numbers in the ad copy because it can’t track someone making a call (and thus can’t charge you for the action).

Make sure your ad copy is clear and describes what you're selling
Your ad can be disapproved if it uses gibberish or random letters, or if your ad’s text and URL don’t match, such as an ad for a clothing store that uses www.udacity.com as the URL.
Now let’s look at common mistakes related to your ad’s URL

Double-check your Display URL
Make sure that the display URL (the URL that people see in your ad) isn't mistyped, doesn't include "http" or "https", and doesn't use non-standard characters like exclamation points.

Make sure to use the same domain
Another common disapproval reason has to do with your URL’s domain. Every website has a domain, for example, udacity.com in udacity.com/courses. All ads within the same Ad Group need to have the same domain. Also, the domains for your ad’s display URL, final URL, and landing page URL need to have the same domain. In other words, the website listed in your ad needs to accurately show which website people will be taken to when they click your ad.


[Digital Marketing] How to Create Effective Social Media Content

Hub & Spokes Model

Hub: central to your content

Facebook content:
1. keep it short
2. use big, beautiful images
3. share exclusive content
4. respond to customers
5. tie your content to special events/ holidays
6. post for the right audience
7. posting on your page is about quality - not quantity
8. finally, avoid being overly promotional

- maybe change up your cover photos regularly
- use calls to action
- let customers know you're responsive
- use fun images
- use video
- run contests
- list job openings
- engage with quizzes
- custom tabs
- live videos through Facebook Live

Instagram Content:
1. encourage the audience to use name/hashtag
2. create contests
3. partner with influencers
4. re-gram photos
5. use creative hashtags
6. use compelling descriptions to accompany your pictures
7. use your bio space

Twitter Content:
1. keep it short
2. use visuals
3. incorporate hashtags
4. ask questions and run polls
5. curate and connect
6. seize the moment: live moments
7. match your tone to your brand & pay attention to trending hashtags

Youtube Content:
1. Post high-value content

Social Media Advertising Links
Facebook Pixel: https://www.facebook.com/business/help/952192354843755
All types of FB ads: https://www.facebook.com/business/learn/facebook-create-ad-basics/
Instagram Ads: https://www.facebook.com/business/help/976240832426180/
Twitter ads: https://business.twitter.com/en/help/campaign-setup/advertiser-card-specifications.html


[Search Engine Marketing] 01. Keyword

When creating an ad campaign, finding the right keyword that could drive a lot of clicks is important.

Let's learn about finding the right keywords for your ad campaign.

Keyword List
- Brand Terms: Search ads of your own brand name increase 'clickability' by 25%.
ex) bamboohr/ bamboohr

- Generic Terms
ex) hr software/ hr payroll/ hr reporting

- Related Terms
ex) tools for hr manager/ managing hr more effectively/ tracking time off

- Competitor Terms
ex) zenefits/ zenefits software

Best Practices
1. Put yourself in your target persona's shoes
2. Add terms that reflect how people speak
3. Start broad,  go specific
4. Include variations and synonyms
5. Include misspellings
6. Use tools like below:
- Google Trends
https://trends.google.com/trends/?geo=
- Google Keyword Planner
Long-tail keywords: longer and more specific keyword phrases
Combine keyword lists of both short & long tail keywords


Keyword Matching
- broad: your ad will show if a search query that matches your keywords whenever any word in your keyword phrase is searched, in any order.
   +women's hats

- modified broad: plus sign(+) used; your ads will only appear on searches that contain the keywords that contain the +sign in them.
   +women's + hats

- phrase: quotation marks("") used; your ad will appear for any search that includes the keyword phrase contained within the quotations in the exact order you've specified.
   "leather women's hats"

- exact: your ad will appear only for the exact keyword phrase you've specified.
   [LEATHER WOMEN'S HATS]

- negative: ensure your ad does not show for search queries containing certain words.
   -men -

SQL Joins

Database Normalization:  Are the tables storing logical groupings of the data? Can I make changes in a single location, rather than in...